The following article describes how to find the natural scale and the pentathonic scale matemathically.
Little description of an Octave
As described in wikipedia:
In music, an octave (
Play (help·info)) is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency. The octave relationship is a natural phenomenon which has been referred to as the “basic miracle of music,” the use of which is “common in most musical systems.”[1] It may be derived from the harmonic series as the interval between the first and second harmonics.
…
In most classical music, the octave is divided into 12 semitones (see musical tuning). These semitones are usually equally spaced out in a method known as equal temperament.
So, we can find commonly 12 semitones in an octave, we will take the semitone as the basic musical unit.
Twelve Semitones, Seven Notes: Finding the Natural Scale
We are trying to find a natural place for seven notes in a twelve semitones grid of equal distance based on the equal temperament tuning.
Giving a first look to the numbers we can find that:
12 = 2 * 2 * 3 and 7 = 2 + 2 + 3.
Nice, uh?
Now, if you divide 12 by 7, you get:
12 / 7 = 1,7142857142857142857142857142857
And if you add 12/7 seven times you get:
0
1,714285714
3,428571429
5,142857143
6,857142857
8,571428571
10,28571429
12
The next Step is to round those numbers and then you get:
0 no need to round, minor note seen from behind, major note seen from ahead (*) but having a minor third, we supose is minor
2 rounded to ceil, minor note (*)
3 rounded to floor, major note (*)
5 rounded to floor, major note
7 rounded to ceil, minor note
9 rounded to ceil, minor note
10 rounded to floor, major note
12 no need to round, minor note seen from behind, major note seen from ahead but having a minor third, we supose is minor
(*) Here I called minor notes to notes that “has a minor third”, the same for major notes. The explanation is that if your 12/7 * x is lower than its correspondant 1/12 * y, will be “increased to fit” so is minor and ”has a minor third too”. The opposite for major. And if you have no need to round, will be a minor key, based on it’s minor third.
the resultant pattern is:
tone, semi-tone, tone, tone, tone, semi-tone, tone
Counting from D (Re) is Dm-Em-F-G-Am-Bm-C-Dm
This is the Dorian Mode
Five Notes: The Pentatonic Scale
As in the study for the Natural Scale, having 12/5 = 2,4 we get:
Counting from D (Re) is D(M/m)-Em-G-Am-C-D(M/m)
Conclusion
For the logic and maths this three statements are true but extremely not for the music theory.
First: the first natural note in the natural scale is D (Re) not C (Do) because the notes repetition is cyclic in this point.
Second: D (Re) look likes is not major or minor, you can only determine it looking it’s third, but it’s third is in the part where D is seen as minor (from ahead), and this also means that naturally the rounding of the B note is made to ceil when seen from ahead, so from behind the rounding is made to floor and is seen as major. So the spected patern: Dm-Em-F-G-Am-Bm-C-D => mmMMmmMM, appears instead of the actual mmMMmmMm, depending on from where you look at the D note.
Third: the Dorian Mode is more natural than the natural one.
The next points seems to be incorrect for several reasons but I let it here if you want to make some more numbers:
The actual central A (La) is set on 440Hz, this means that A (La) is 105,37632 half-tones from 0Hz having C (Do) in the first representable note in 1,29802 Hz (0Hz is nothing)
And based in that statement and still in the second as measure of time, if we swift our first note D (Re) to the 0Hz we move the central A to the 298,666…Hz or 597,333…Hz frequenzy.
How I found this all
I don’t know how the music naturally found this stuff, and how we, the people explained it before, this is my computational explanation of how the natural scales works.
I used to believe that the half-tones between some notes where a kind of adjustment, so I wrote a program that was trying numbers adding above themselves various times and rounding the result, searching eight notes patterns. Finally the program gave me lots of results over and near 1.7 with the natural scale pattern, the next logical step was look for where that number was generated and was dividing 12/7.
Hope you enjoyed!